Methodology

How the Delulu meter is calculated

Every number on the meter, and in our articles, comes from one model built on official statistics for five countries. This page sets out how it works, every source it uses, and where it is weakest.

Updated 16 October 2026 · By the Find My Man team

The short version

The meter estimates how many men aged 18 to 55 meet a list of requirements. It starts from the official count of men at each single year of age, then works out what share of the men at that age pass each requirement: relationship status, sexual orientation, criminal record, ethnicity, body fat and shape, height, hair, looks and income. It multiplies those shares together, age by age, and adds the ages up.

We work age by age because almost every requirement changes with age. Men in their twenties are more often single and leaner; men in their forties more often earn more but are mostly partnered. Combining the filters within each age keeps those patterns from cancelling out.

What the model assumes

Independence within an age. At a given age, the filters are treated as unrelated: a 35-year-old's height is assumed to tell us nothing about his income. In reality some traits are linked (taller men earn slightly more on average, for example), so lists that stack many filters carry more uncertainty than lists with one or two.
Ethnicity is the exception. Height and hair loss are applied within each ethnic group you select, using that group's own figures, and the groups are then added up. With every group selected, the result matches the plain national numbers exactly.
Body fat comes from BMI. No country measures body fat for its whole population, so the meter converts measured BMI into body fat with one equation fitted to Australian DXA scans (BF% = 37.6 ln(BMI) + 0.06 × age − 101.9). It cannot tell a muscular man from a heavier one at the same BMI.
Income has a long tail. Surveys describe ordinary incomes well but thin out above a few hundred thousand a year, so the top of each income curve is fitted to tax-authority counts of high earners.
Regions change what they can. Picking a province, region, state or region swaps in that place's own population, and its own relationship-status and income rates where they are published. Everything else stays at the national rate.

Where the numbers are weakest

Criminal record. No country publishes the share of all men with a conviction at each age, so each country's curve is a documented estimate built from cohort studies and court statistics. It is the weakest input everywhere.
Face card. There is no official statistic for looks. The meter treats attractiveness as a 1–10 rating spread around an average of 5, relative to men of the same age, so it shows how selective a rating is rather than measuring anything.
Self-reported answers. Sexual orientation comes from surveys where people describe themselves, and some groups are small in the samples.
Different definitions. Countries measure relationship status and income in slightly different ways. The country notes below say which measure each one uses.

The meter covers 5 countries and 101 states, provinces and regions. It is an estimate built from published statistics, not a head count, and is best read as a sense of scale.

Australia

Population reference date: March 2026 · 8 states and regions · Income: taxable income, per year, in local currency.

Population

Estimated resident population of men by single year of age, March quarter 2026, for Australia and each state and territory.

Source: ABS · National, state and territory population (ERP_Q)

States & territories

Choosing a state swaps in its men by age, its Census relationship-status rates, and its income profile. The income profile is each state's share of men above every income level from the ATO's 2023–24 state tables, adjusted so its age mix isn't counted twice. Orientation, criminal record, body fat and height use national rates.

Source: ABS ERP_Q · Census 2021 G05/G06 by state · ATO Taxation Statistics 2023–24, Table 16A

Status

Census 2021 registered marital status crossed with social marital status. Single means not married and not living with a partner. Men in de facto relationships match none of the three options. The Census can't see boyfriends who live elsewhere.

Source: ABS · Census 2021 tables G05, G06 (males)

Sexual orientation

Self-identified orientation of men by five-year age band. About 93% of men under 35 identify as straight and about 97% of older men. Gay men are 2–4% of men in their 20s and 30s. Bisexual men are counted in neither option.

Source: ABS · Estimates and characteristics of LGBTI+ populations in Australia, 2022

Criminal record

There is no national figure, so this uses the NSW cohort of everyone born in 1984, followed to age 33. By then 48% of men had a court or police contact including traffic matters, or 32.5% excluding traffic. We count about 25% by 33, allowing for acquittals and cases dismissed without a conviction, and extend the curve past 33.

Source: NSW BOCSAR · Bureau Brief 132 (2018); CJB 96 (2006)

Ethnicity

Australia's Census has no race question, so these shares are built from 2021 Census ancestry and country of birth. Men born overseas are grouped by birthplace (mixed countries such as New Zealand, South Africa, Malaysia and Fiji are split using the ancestries those migrants report); Australian-born men are grouped by the ancestries Australian-born people report, spread across ages according to when their parents' communities arrived. 'Australian' as an ancestry counts as no information, two ancestries from different groups count as Other (as do Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, Maori and Pacific Islander men), and 'not stated' is left out. Picking a state uses that state's own mix.

Source: ABS Census 2021: ancestry by state (Cultural diversity summary T4), country-of-birth QuickStats, G07, G08, G10; ABS ERP by country of birth, age and sex, 1996-2021.

Body fat & shape

No national survey measures body fat, but it does measure BMI. We take the 2022 BMI spread for each age group and convert BMI to body fat with an equation from DXA body scans of Australian men in Geelong, allowing about 4 points of scatter between men of the same BMI. Body fat can't tell muscle from skinny: a slim 22-year-old who never lifts can land in the gym bro band.

Source: ABS · National Health Survey 2022, Table 8; Pasco et al., BMC Obesity 2014

Height

Average height of men by age group: about 177 cm for men under 25 and 175.6 cm at 35–54, with a standard deviation of about 6.7 cm. Heights follow a bell curve around those averages. When you pick an ethnicity, heights are shifted by that group's measured average gap to white men in the same country (US NHANES 2015–2018 and Health Survey for England 2004): about 1 cm shorter for Black men, 5.5 cm for East/Southeast Asian and South Asian men and 7 cm for Latino men; the Middle Eastern (3.5 cm) and other (1.5 cm) gaps are estimates.

Source: ABS · National Health Survey 2022; How Australians Measure Up 1995

Hair

Bald or balding means visible male-pattern hair loss of Hamilton–Norwood type III or worse, including crown (vertex) thinning. The share at each age comes from community surveys in which doctors or trained raters graded men's scalps: US men (white), Korea and China (East and Southeast Asian), Turkey (Middle Eastern) and Nigeria (Black), with UK Biobank used to compare groups measured with the same question. There is no age-by-age survey for South Asian, Latino or other men, so those shares are estimates blended from the closest groups.

Source: Rhodes et al. 1998; Paik et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2010; Bas et al. 2015; Adamu et al. 2020; Yildirim et al. 2022 (UK Biobank)

Face card

There are no official statistics on looks. The scale assumes ratings follow a bell curve where the average man of his age is a 5 and each 1.5 points is one standard deviation, so 7 or better is about the top 16% of men, 8+ the top 5%, 9+ the top 1% and a 10 about 1 in 750. In rating studies, people agree on who is attractive only about as much as they disagree, so one woman's 8 can be another's 6.

Source: Assumed scale; spread checked against Ma et al. 2015 (Chicago Face Database) and Hönekopp 2006

Earning capacity

Taxable income of men by age group from 2023–24 tax returns, the latest year published. Men who don't lodge count as earning under $50k. Above $250k the counts follow a power-law tail fitted to the ATO's $1M+ figures, so the $5M+ end is an estimate. Taxable income understates the very rich, whose money often sits in companies and trusts.

Source: ATO · Taxation Statistics 2023–24, Individuals Table 3A

United States

Population reference date: July 2025 · 51 states and regions · Income: total income before tax, per year, in local currency.

Population

Census Bureau estimates of men by single year of age on July 1, 2025, for the United States and each state and DC.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau · Vintage 2025 state population estimates by age and sex (SC-EST2025-ALLDATA6)

States

Choosing a state swaps in its men by age, its marital status by age, and its income profile. Living-together rates are the national ones, scaled up or down by how common unmarried couples are in that state. The income profile is each state's share of men above each income level from the Census survey and IRS state tables, adjusted so its age mix isn't counted twice. Orientation, criminal record, body fat and height use national rates.

Source: Census ACS 2024 tables B12002, B09021, B19325 · IRS SOI 2023 state data

Status

Legal marital status of men by five-year age group from the 2024 American Community Survey. Single means never married and not living with a partner; divorced includes separated and widowed. The survey doesn't record cohabiting by marital status, so the share living with a partner comes from the 2023–24 National Health Interview Survey: roughly 1 in 4 never-married men aged 25–44. Men who live with a girlfriend or boyfriend match none of the options.

Source: Census Bureau · ACS 2024 1-year, table B12002 · CDC NCHS · National Health Interview Survey 2023–24

Sexual orientation

Self-identified orientation of men by age group, 2023 and 2024 combined. About 91% of men aged 18–24 identify as straight, rising to about 97% over 45. Gay men are 2–3% of men at every age. Bisexual men are counted in neither option.

Source: CDC NCHS · National Health Interview Survey 2023–24, sample adult files

Criminal record

There is no official count by age. A national survey that followed men born 1980–84 found about 1 in 4 employed men in their 30s had been convicted of a non-traffic offence as an adult, and more among men out of work. We use about 16% by 25 and 26% by 35, flattening after that because older generations were convicted less often when young. About 13% of adult men have a felony record.

Source: Bushway et al., Science Advances 2022 (NLSY97); Smith, RAND 2019; Shannon et al., Demography 2017

Ethnicity

Shares of men in each age group (18-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54) from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey 2024, steadied for small states with the 2020-2024 five-year figures. Hispanic/Latino men of any race are one group and every other group is non-Hispanic; men of two or more races, Native American and Pacific Islander men count as 'other'. The Census does not publish South Asian or Middle Eastern men by age, so these are split out of Asian and White using the survey's microdata (detailed Asian race; Middle Eastern/North African ancestry such as Lebanese, Iranian, Egyptian, Syrian, Iraqi or Israeli). Picking a state uses that state's mix.

Source: US Census Bureau, ACS 2024 1-year (and 2020-2024 5-year): B01001, B01001B/D/H/I, B03002, B02015, B04006; ACS 2024 PUMS

Body fat & shape

No national survey measures body fat for everyone, but NHANES weighs and measures a national sample. We take the 2021–23 BMI spread for each age group and convert BMI to body fat with an equation from DXA body scans, allowing about 4 points of scatter between men of the same BMI. Body fat can't tell muscle from skinny: a slim 22-year-old who never lifts can land in the gym bro band.

Source: CDC NCHS · NHANES August 2021–August 2023, body measures (BMX_L); Pasco et al., BMC Obesity 2014

Height

Measured height of men by age group: about 176 cm (5 ft 9 in) for men under 45 and 175 cm at 45–64, with a standard deviation of about 7.5 cm. Heights follow a bell curve around those averages. When you pick an ethnicity, heights are shifted by that group's measured average gap to white men in the same country (US NHANES 2015–2018 and Health Survey for England 2004): about 1 cm shorter for Black men, 5.5 cm for East/Southeast Asian and South Asian men and 7 cm for Latino men; the Middle Eastern (3.5 cm) and other (1.5 cm) gaps are estimates.

Source: CDC NCHS · NHANES August 2021–August 2023, body measures (BMX_L)

Hair

Source: Rhodes et al. 1998; Paik et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2010; Bas et al. 2015; Adamu et al. 2020; Yildirim et al. 2022 (UK Biobank)

Face card

Source: Assumed scale; spread checked against Ma et al. 2015 (Chicago Face Database) and Hönekopp 2006

Earning capacity

Total personal income before tax of men by age group in 2025, from all sources. Men with no income count as earning under $50k. The survey stops at $250k, so higher incomes follow a power-law tail fitted to IRS counts of returns by age and size of income, so the $5M+ end is an estimate. Tax returns combine couples, and surveys understate the very rich.

Source: Census Bureau · CPS ASEC 2026, tables PINC-01 and PINC-11 · IRS SOI Tax Year 2023, Tables 1.1 and 1.6

Canada

Population reference date: July 2026 · 13 provinces and regions · Income: total income before tax, per year, in local currency.

Population

Estimated population of men by single year of age on July 1, 2026, for Canada and each province and territory. Statistics Canada counts "men+", which includes a small number of non-binary people.

Source: Statistics Canada · Population estimates on July 1, Table 17-10-0005-01

Provinces

Choosing a province or territory swaps in its men by age, its Census relationship-status rates, and its income profile. The income profile is each province's share of men above every income level in the 2023 tax data, adjusted so its age mix isn't counted twice. Orientation, criminal record, body fat and height use national rates.

Source: Statistics Canada · Tables 17-10-0005-01, 98-10-0125-01 (Census 2021), 11-10-0008-01 and 11-10-0055-01 (2023)

Status

Census 2021 marital status, which records both legal marriage and common-law living. Single means never married and not living common-law. Divorced covers separated, divorced and widowed men not living common-law. Men living common-law match none of the three options. The Census can't see boyfriends who live elsewhere.

Source: Statistics Canada · Census 2021, Table 98-10-0125-01 (men+)

Sexual orientation

Self-identified orientation of men from the Canadian Community Health Survey. About 94% of men aged 15–24 and 96% of men aged 25–64 are straight and cisgender (2019–2021). Gay men are about 2% of men at both ages (2015–2018). Bisexual men are counted in neither option. The survey only splits age into these broad bands, so the rates change smoothly between them.

Source: Statistics Canada · CCHS, Tables 13-10-0874-01 (2019–2021) and 13-10-0817-01 (2015–2018)

Criminal record

There is no national figure by age. Statistics Canada followed everyone born in 1979/80 in six provinces through the courts: by 22, 21% of the men had been found guilty of an offence, youth court included. Far fewer young men go to court now, so we scale that curve by each year's court numbers, and set the rate after 22 to match the roughly 3.8 million Canadians with a criminal record. That gives about 5% at 25 and 30% at 45. Impaired driving counts, and so do sealed youth records and pardoned convictions.

Source: Statistics Canada · Court Careers of a Canadian Birth Cohort (2005); Tables 35-10-0038-01, 35-10-0027-01; Public Safety Canada (2019)

Ethnicity

Shares are the ethnic mix of men in each age group, from the 2021 Canadian census question on visible minority, with Indigenous people (First Nations, Métis, Inuit) taken from the Indigenous identity question. White = not a visible minority and not Indigenous; Asian = Chinese, Filipino, Southeast Asian, Korean and Japanese; Middle Eastern = Arab and West Asian (e.g. Iranian, Afghan, Turkish); Other = Indigenous peoples, people reporting multiple visible minorities, and other visible minorities. Picking a province or territory uses that province's own mix.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census (25% sample), tables 98-10-0351-01 (visible minority by gender and age), 98-10-0292-01 and 98-10-0451-01 (Indigenous identity by gender and age)

Body fat & shape

No national survey measures body fat, but the Canadian Health Measures Survey measures height and weight. We take the 2022–2024 BMI spread for each age group and convert BMI to body fat with an equation from DXA body scans of Australian men, allowing about 4 points of scatter between men of the same BMI. Body fat can't tell muscle from skinny: a slim 22-year-old who never lifts can land in the gym bro band.

Source: Statistics Canada · CHMS 2022–2024, Tables 13-10-0319-01, 13-10-0373-01; Pasco et al., BMC Obesity 2014

Height

Measured height of men in the Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2022–2024: an average of 177.9 cm at 20–39 and 176.7 cm at 40–59, with a standard deviation of about 7.1 cm. Heights follow a bell curve around those averages. When you pick an ethnicity, heights are shifted by that group's measured average gap to white men in the same country (US NHANES 2015–2018 and Health Survey for England 2004): about 1 cm shorter for Black men, 5.5 cm for East/Southeast Asian and South Asian men and 7 cm for Latino men; the Middle Eastern (3.5 cm) and other (1.5 cm) gaps are estimates.

Source: Statistics Canada · CHMS 2022–2024, Table 13-10-0319-01

Hair

Source: Rhodes et al. 1998; Paik et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2010; Bas et al. 2015; Adamu et al. 2020; Yildirim et al. 2022 (UK Biobank)

Face card

Source: Assumed scale; spread checked against Ma et al. 2015 (Chicago Face Database) and Hönekopp 2006

Earning capacity

Total income before tax of men by age group from 2023 tax returns, the latest year published. Men who don't file count as earning under $50k. The age tables stop at $250k+. Above that, the counts follow a power-law tail fitted to the number of men above the top 1%, 0.1% and 0.01% income thresholds ($294k, $930k and $3.5M), so the $5M+ end is an estimate. Capital gains aren't included, and money kept in private companies doesn't show up as personal income.

Source: Statistics Canada · Tables 11-10-0008-01 and 11-10-0055-01 (2023)

New Zealand

Population reference date: June 2025 · 16 regions and regions · Income: total personal income before tax, per year, in local currency.

Population

Estimated resident population of men by age at 30 June 2025, for New Zealand and each regional council area. Stats NZ publishes these in five-year age groups; national single years follow the age pattern of its 2024-base national projections, and each region spreads its groups evenly.

Source: Stats NZ · Subnational population estimates (RC, SA2) by age and sex, at 30 June 2025 (POPES_SUB_004); National population projections 2024(base) (POPPR_NAT_007)

Regions

Choosing a region swaps in its men by age, its Census relationship-status rates, and its income profile. The income profile is each region's share of men aged 20–59 above every income level in the 2023 Census, adjusted so its age mix isn't counted twice. Above $200k the region keeps its $200k ratio. Orientation, criminal record, body fat and height use national rates.

Source: Stats NZ · POPES_SUB_004 · Census 2023 tables CEN23_POP_010 and CEN23_INC_008 by regional council

Status

Census 2023 partnership status in current relationship, which also records legal status for men without a partner. Single means never married and not living with a partner. Married includes civil unions and married men living apart from their spouse. Men in de facto relationships match none of the three options. The Census can't see boyfriends who live elsewhere.

Source: Stats NZ · Census 2023, partnership status in current relationship by age and gender (CEN23_POP_010); legally registered relationship status (CEN23_POP_008)

Sexual orientation

Sexual identity of men by five-year age band from the 2023 Census, the first to ask. Men who preferred not to say are left out of the shares. About 94% of men in their 20s identify as straight, rising to about 98% at 45–59. Gay men are 2–3% of men aged 20–34. Bisexual men are counted in neither option.

Source: Stats NZ · Census 2023, sexual identity by cisgender and transgender status and age (CEN23_ECI_052)

Criminal record

There is no official count of living men with a conviction. A Ministry of Justice study of everyone born in New Zealand in 1978 found 37% of men had a District or High Court conviction by age 38, with most first convicted by 25. Younger men are convicted far less often: 7% of people born in 1997 had a conviction by 19, down from a peak of 17% for those born in 1988–90. We put men under 30 at about half the 1978 rate and men 35 and over at the 1978 rate, rising slowly past 38.

Source: Ministry of Justice · Convictions in the general population factsheet (IDI, 2019)

Ethnicity

Shares of men in each age group by ethnicity, from Stats NZ's 2023 Census (usual residents, gender: male; people who did not state an ethnicity are left out). Men who gave more than one ethnicity are counted once: those whose answers all fall in one group (for example European and "New Zealander") stay in that group, and those who span groups, such as Māori and European, are counted under Other, together with Māori, Pacific peoples and "New Zealander". East/Southeast Asian vs South Asian, and Middle Eastern vs Latin American vs African, are split using each group's detailed census counts. Picking a region uses that regional council area's own mix.

Source: Source: Stats NZ, 2023 Census, Aotearoa Data Explorer tables CEN23_ECI_008 (ethnicity, single/combination) and CEN23_ECI_018 (ethnicity, detailed level 4), by age, gender and regional council.

Body fat & shape

No national survey measures body fat, but the New Zealand Health Survey measures height and weight. We take the BMI spread for each age group of men, pooled over the 2023/24 and 2024/25 surveys, and convert BMI to body fat with an equation from DXA body scans of Australian men, allowing about 4 points of scatter between men of the same BMI. Body fat can't tell muscle from skinny: a slim 22-year-old who never lifts can land in the gym bro band.

Source: Ministry of Health · New Zealand Health Survey 2023/24 and 2024/25, prevalence/mean data; Pasco et al., BMC Obesity 2014

Height

Measured average height of men by age group: about 177 cm under 35 and about 176 cm at 35–64. The survey publishes averages only, so the spread uses the Australian figure of about 6.7 cm. Heights follow a bell curve around those averages. When you pick an ethnicity, heights are shifted by that group's measured average gap to white men in the same country (US NHANES 2015–2018 and Health Survey for England 2004): about 1 cm shorter for Black men, 5.5 cm for East/Southeast Asian and South Asian men and 7 cm for Latino men; the Middle Eastern (3.5 cm) and other (1.5 cm) gaps are estimates.

Source: Ministry of Health · New Zealand Health Survey 2023/24 and 2024/25; ABS National Health Survey 2022 (spread)

Hair

Source: Rhodes et al. 1998; Paik et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2010; Bas et al. 2015; Adamu et al. 2020; Yildirim et al. 2022 (UK Biobank)

Face card

Source: Assumed scale; spread checked against Ma et al. 2015 (Chicago Face Database) and Hönekopp 2006

Earning capacity

Total personal income before tax of men by five-year age group from the 2023 Census, for the year to March 2023. Men with no income count as earning under $50k. The Census tops out at $200k+, so above that we follow the shape of Inland Revenue's 2023 tax-year distribution, which runs to $1M+; the $5M+ end is an estimate. Incomes have risen about 10% since, so these counts run a little low.

Source: Stats NZ · Census 2023, total personal income by age and gender (CEN23_INC_008); Inland Revenue · Taxable income distribution of individuals, 2023 tax year

United Kingdom

Population reference date: June 2025 · 13 regions and regions · Income: total income before tax, per year, in local currency.

Population

Men by single year of age from the ONS mid-2025 population estimates, for the UK, each of its four nations and the nine English regions.

Source: ONS · Population estimates by single year of age and sex, mid-2025 (Nomis NM_2002_1)

Nations & regions

Choosing a nation or English region swaps in its men by age, its own census relationship-status rates, and its income profile. The income profile is the region's share of male taxpayers above each income level, compared with the UK and adjusted so its age mix isn't counted twice; above £200k the region's ratio at £200k is held. Orientation, criminal record, body fat and height use UK-wide rates.

Source: ONS mid-2025 estimates · Census 2021 (England & Wales, Northern Ireland), Scotland's Census 2022 · HMRC SPI 2023–24, Table 3.11

Status

Census living arrangements: legal marital status crossed with whether a man lives in a couple. Single means never married and not living with a partner; divorced includes separated and widowed men not living with a partner; married includes civil partnerships. Men who live with a partner without being married match none of the three. The census can't see boyfriends who live elsewhere.

Source: ONS Census 2021 living arrangements by single year of age (E&W) · NRS Scotland's Census 2022, UV106a · NISRA Census 2021, DT-0055

Sexual orientation

Census 2021 answers for men in England and Wales by ten-year age band, leaving out the 6–10% who skipped the voluntary question. About 95% of men under 35 and 96–98% of older men say they are straight; gay men are 2–3.5% of men under 45. Bisexual men are counted in neither option.

Source: ONS · Sexual orientation (9 categories) by age and sex, England and Wales: Census 2021 (Nov 2023 corrected)

Criminal record

There is no current national count, so this uses Ministry of Justice records of men born in 1953–1988, followed to 2006: about a third of men born in 1953 had a conviction by 52. First-time entrants to the justice system fell by more than half after 2007, so we cut the older first-conviction rates by that much for later years. That gives about 11% of men at 25, 16% at 30, 29% at 40 and a third by 55. It counts convictions for standard-list offences, not cautions, fixed penalties or most motoring offences.

Source: MoJ · Conviction histories of offenders between the ages of 10 and 52 (2010), Table 1 · MoJ First time entrants statistics 2014, 2024

Ethnicity

Shares are the ethnic mix of men aged 18–24, 25–34, 35–44 and 45–54 from the 2021 censuses of England & Wales and Northern Ireland and Scotland's 2022 census (all ages, not just men, for Scotland); the UK figure adds the four nations together. All White census groups count as white and Mixed as other; the catch-all "Other Asian" and "Any other" answers are split by the detailed write-ins (e.g. Sri Lankan, Nepali, Afghan as South Asian; Iranian, Kurdish, Turkish as Middle Eastern; Latin American as Hispanic/Latino). Picking a nation or English region uses that area's own mix.

Source: Sources: ONS Census 2021 (England & Wales) ethnic group by age by sex and TS022 detailed ethnic group; NRS Scotland's Census 2022 UV201b; NISRA Census 2021 flexible table builder.

Body fat & shape

No national survey measures body fat, but the Health Survey for England weighs and measures people. We take the BMI spread for each age group, averaged over 2019, 2022 and 2024, and convert BMI to body fat with an equation from DXA body scans, allowing about 4 points of scatter between men of the same BMI. Body fat can't tell muscle from skinny: a slim 22-year-old who never lifts can land in the gym bro band.

Source: NHS England · Health Survey for England 2024, overweight and obesity Table 3 (2019, 2022, 2024); Pasco et al., BMC Obesity 2014

Height

Measured height of men in England by age group, averaged over 2019, 2022 and 2024: about 178 cm for men under 35, 177 cm at 35–44 and 176 cm at 45–54. The survey doesn't publish the spread, so we derive a standard deviation of about 6.9 cm from its standard errors and sample sizes. Heights follow a bell curve around those averages. When you pick an ethnicity, heights are shifted by that group's measured average gap to white men in the same country (US NHANES 2015–2018 and Health Survey for England 2004): about 1 cm shorter for Black men, 5.5 cm for East/Southeast Asian and South Asian men and 7 cm for Latino men; the Middle Eastern (3.5 cm) and other (1.5 cm) gaps are estimates.

Source: NHS England · Health Survey for England 2024, overweight and obesity Tables 1, A1

Hair

Source: Rhodes et al. 1998; Paik et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2010; Bas et al. 2015; Adamu et al. 2020; Yildirim et al. 2022 (UK Biobank)

Face card

Source: Assumed scale; spread checked against Ma et al. 2015 (Chicago Face Database) and Hönekopp 2006

Earning capacity

Total income before tax of men by age group from 2023–24 tax records, the latest year published. Men below the personal allowance (£12,570) or outside the tax system count as earning under £50k. HMRC publishes income bands by sex but only the median and mean by age, so each age group's spread is fitted to its median and mean and scaled to match the national counts in every band. Above £150k every age follows the all-male tail; the £1M+ end follows HMRC's count and average for men earning over £1M, so the £5M+ end is an estimate.

Source: HMRC · Survey of Personal Incomes 2023–24, Tables 3.2, 3.3 · ONS mid-2023 population estimates

How we keep it current

When a statistics office releases a newer population estimate, survey or tax table, we rebuild that country's data and re-run the article numbers that depend on it. If you find an error, or know of a better source, email hello@delulumeter.ai and we will look at it.

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